Kasancewa ana nema{0}bayan zaɓi a cikin manyan masana'antu{1}, ba za a iya yin la'akari da ƙarfin babban zane mai tsarki{2}. Tare da kyawawan kaddarorin sa na man shafawa-, babban ƙarfi, kyakykyawan halayen lantarki, juriya ga acid da alkali, juriyar lalata, juriya mai zafin zafi, ƙaramin faɗaɗa ƙima, kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, babban aikin rufewa, da yunifom da tsari mai yawa, yana tabbatar da kansa a cikin masana'antu kamar lantarki, ƙarfe, tsaro na ƙasa da sararin samaniya, makamashi, da injiniyan sinadarai. Haka kuma, tana riƙe da babban matsayi a fagage masu tasowa kamar na uku{6}} semiconductors, masana'antar nukiliya, da hotuna, kuma ana iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin "maɓalli" a ci gaban fasaha.
Hanyoyi biyu na haihuwa: na halitta da na wucin gadi "hanyar tsarkakewa"
Za a iya rarraba graphite mai tsafta zuwa tsayin ɗabi'a{1}tsaftataccen zane mai tsafta da tsayin ɗabi'a{2}ƙara mai tsafta dangane da albarkatun ƙasa da hanyoyin shirye-shirye. Babban -tsaftataccen graphite na halitta ana amfani dashi ko'ina a fagage daban-daban saboda kyawawan halayensa na wutar lantarki da kaddarorin canja wurin zafi, kamar a cikin kayan da ba za a iya jurewa ba, daɗaɗɗen tsatsa, electrodes na carbon, janareta, man shafawa, da kayan kariya a masana'antar nukiliya. A gefe guda, ana amfani da zane mai tsafta na wucin gadi - a cikin pre{8} anodes da aka gasa, graphite na musamman, da masana'antar nukiliya saboda nau'ikan halittar halittar sa da rarraba girman barbashi.
Samar da babban graphite mai girma{0} daga graphite na halitta sau da yawa yana haɗawa da farko ta amfani da hanyar flotation don fara tsarkake ma'adinan graphite, sannan ta amfani da hanyar alkali{1}}hanyar acid ko hanyar fluoride don ƙara tsarkake ma'aunin flotation, kuma a ƙarshe samun samfuran graphite masu inganci ta hanyoyin zafi mai ƙarfi{2} ko zafin zafi. Koyaya, ana samun graphite mai tsafta gabaɗaya ta wucin gadi ta hanyar fara sarrafa albarkatun ƙasa sannan a sanya su a cikin tanderun da aka ƙera na musamman{7}} zafin zafi don graphitization da tsarkakewa. Babban tsari shine a yi amfani da matsanancin zafin wuta na tanderun don zana coke na man fetur da kuma kwalta coke, da kuma shigar da iskar halogen don magance ƙazanta, yana sa su yin tururi da juyewa, ta yadda za su sami graphite mai girma-.
Ko samar da babban zane mai tsafta na halitta- ko babba{1}tsaftataccen zanen wucin gadi, ana ɗora ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu akan ingancin albarkatun ƙasa. Don cimma buƙatun babban graphite mai tsafta daga zane na halitta, hanya mafi girma{4}} kawai zata iya biyan buƙatun samarwa. Koyaya, hanyar yanayin zafi mai girma- tana da yawan amfani da makamashi da manyan buƙatu don kayan aiki, don haka yana da wasu buƙatu don ingancin albarkatun ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci, yana amfani da samfuran graphite tare da tsaftar 99% da aka samu ta wasu hanyoyin tsarkakewa don tsarkakewa, a ƙarshe ya kai ga abin da ake buƙata na 99.99% mafi girma{10}. Don graphite mai tsafta, mai inganci mai inganci da coke na kwalta ana yawan zaɓa don samarwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin ash na coke na man fetur ya kamata su kasance ƙasa da 0.5%, kuma yawanci ƙaramar coke mai sulfur ne kawai ake amfani dashi don samarwa. Sabili da haka, abun ciki na sulfur na man coke yana ƙasa da 0.5%.
"Shining Bright in the High{0}}Filin Ƙarshen": Aikace-aikacen Babban{1}}Tsarin Zane-zane
Masana'antun da ke amfani da babban graphite mai tsafta azaman albarkatun ƙasa sun fi mayar da hankali kan manyan filayen fasaha kamar kayan semiconductor, photovoltaics, graphene, da graphite na nukiliya.
Na uku -kayan na'urorin semiconductor
A cikin masana'antar semiconductor, samfuran graphite ana amfani da su sosai a cikin manyan na'urori masu zafi masu zafi kamar murhun haɓakar ƙira, carbonization furnaces, da tanderu graphitization. Manyan samfuran graphite{2} masu tsafta da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙarni na uku- silicon carbide semiconductor sun haɗa da graphite crucibles don ci gaban crystal, graphite heaters, da graphite foda, da sauransu. Tsaftar waɗannan samfuran suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ingancin lu'ulu'u na silicon carbide.
A halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antu suna amfani da hanyar jigilar tururi ta jiki yayin samar da lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya na silicon carbide. A cikin wannan hanya, ana sanya foda na siliki na siliki a kasan ginshiƙan graphite, kuma ana sanya ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Sa'an nan, graphite crucible ne mai tsanani har sai da silicon carbide kai sublimation zafin jiki. Daga baya, siliki carbide foda sannu a hankali yana raguwa zuwa abubuwan gas kamar Si vapor, Si2C, da SiC2. Wadannan abubuwa za su kasance a hankali sublimate zuwa saman crucible a karkashin axial zafin jiki gradient da condense a saman SiC iri crystal a saman crucible, game da shi samun silicon carbide guda lu'ulu'u.
Nukiliya graphite
Nuclear - babban darajar - graphite mai tsafta abu ne da ake amfani da shi sosai a aikin injiniyan makamashin nukiliya. Nukiliya{3}} ana amfani da kayan graphite a cikin ainihin
iskar gas mai zafi{1} masu sanyaya, kamar bututu, abubuwan mai, da abubuwan tallafi.
Nuclear - graphite dole ne ya zama babba - jadawali mai tsafta. High{3} graphite mai tsafta yana ƙunshe da aggregates, masu ɗaure da abubuwan da ke cire ciki. Abubuwan da aka tara sun ƙunshi allura{5}}mai siffa mai siffa da coke na kwalta. Nukiliya -Mai girma- graphite mai tsafta yana da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu don sarrafa abubuwan ganowa. Ƙarƙashin yanayin iska, yana jure wa dogon lokaci{10}maɗaukakin zafin jiki don tsarkakewa, kawar da ƙazanta da rage abun ciki na abubuwan da aka gano kamar halogens da ƙananan karafa masu narkewa. Ƙirƙirar carbonization na makaman nukiliya{15}}madaidaicin matsayi{16}}tsaftataccen zane yana ɗaukar tsarin latsawa. Ana sanya kayan a cikin nau'in nau'in jiki na roba, an rufe shi sosai, sa'an nan kuma an cire iska don kula da yanayi mara kyau. Ana sanya nau'in a cikin silinda na hydraulic isostatic, kuma ruwan isotropic yana yin matsa lamba iri ɗaya akan ƙirar, yana watsa matsa lamba zuwa kayan carbon, yana haifar da albarkatun ƙasa ya zama mai yawa.
Filin daukar hoto
A cikin masana'antar photovoltaic, musamman a matsayin kayan lantarki don ƙwayoyin hasken rana, graphite yana da aikace-aikace masu yawa. Kyawawan halayensa da kwanciyar hankalin sinadarai sun sa ya zama kyakkyawan abu don samar da na'urorin lantarki na sel na hasken rana. Haka kuma, jan -nau'in murhun ci gaban siliki guda ɗaya shine babban kayan aiki don shirya kayan siliki ɗaya. Tsarin dumama na tanderun kristal guda ɗaya ya haɗa da manyan injina masu tsafta ({4}}tsaftataccen ginshiƙan graphite, ma'adinan ma'auni, graphite crucibles, da kayan insulation, da sauransu. Ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye zuwa ga injin graphite, ana samar da tushen thermal don narkar da albarkatun siliki na polycrystalline. Ana iya daidaita wutar lantarki ta hanyar wutar lantarki ko halin yanzu na wutar lantarki. Zafin da aka fitar da mai zafi yana da kariya ta tsarin tsarin, wanda zai iya samar da yanayin filin zafi wanda ya dace da ci gaban silicon guda lu'ulu'u.
Graphene
Graphene a halin yanzu shine mafi ƙarancin nanomaterial a duniya, yana nuna babban kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai da kwanciyar hankali, da kuma kyawawan kayan injina da na lantarki. Yana da fa'idodin aikace-aikace masu fa'ida. Babban kayan aiki don shirya graphene yana da girma - graphite mai tsafta.
Wasu
A cikin filin sararin samaniya mafi ƙalubale, babban jadawali{0} har yanzu yana aiki na musamman. Ana amfani da shi a cikin bututun bakin makogwaro na wutsiyar injin roka, mai sarrafa neutron na ma'aunin makamashin atomic, da zafi da kuma zafi{2}kayan juriya na makamai masu linzami, har ma da haɗin rediyo da kayan aikin da ke kan tauraron dan adam na wucin gadi duk suna nuna kasancewar babban hoto mai tsarki-.
